Individual growth curve modeling for applied linguistics research

In applied linguistics research interest has surged in recent years for questions related to individuals’ development and change. The most commonly used methods the field analyzing repeated measures data, studying variation stability individual change, investigating how level outcomes relate group may not be robust available. this tutorial, we introduce a state-of-the-art longitudinal data analysis method: growth curve modeling. We describe various uses models (IGCM) comparison with other cross-sectional or single-subject analytical methods, define important terms such that outcome variable Y at time t, show IGCM can analyze variables levels simultaneously. our provide worked example of draws on dataset L2 students’ classroom disengagement use R exemplify necessary steps conducting IGC Through example, demonstrate are especially suited structured multiple levels, where varying across nested within individuals, both time-variant time-invariant interest. further how, addition examining changes over same using measures, also capture differences those changes. conclude brief review have been recently selective sample domains